GUZZIOLOGY
GUZZIOLOGY
A Guide to Moto Guzzi
V-twin Motorcycles —
designed to supplement existing
service manuals and parts references
David Richardson
Self-Published by David Richardson
Seattle, USA
FIRST EDITION, VERSION 5.1
THIS VERSION FIRST AVAILABLE IN MARCH, 2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NUMBER
ALL THAT STUFF THAT COMES BEFORE THE FIRST CHAPTER 1
MODEL HISTORY 2
BASICS 3
ENGINE TOP END 4
ENGINE BOTTOM END AND EXTERNALS 5
IGNITION SYSTEMS 6
CARBURETORS, FUEL INJECTION, & air FILTERS 7
EXHAUST SYSTEMS 8
CLUTCH AND FLYWHEEL FOR MANUAL TRANSMISSIONS 9
MANUAL TRANSMISSIONS 10
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION, CLUTCH, FLYWHEEL, & A.T.F. SYSTEM 11
DRIVESHAFTS AND U-JOINTS 12
REAR DRIVES 13
GEARING 14
CHASSIS 15
HAND & FOOT CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTS 16
ELECTRICS — OTHER THAN IGNITION AND CHARGING SYSTEMS 17
CHARGING SYSTEMS 18
BRAKES 19
FRONT FORKS 20
REAR SHOCK ABSORBERS 21
WHEELS 22
GUS’S BIKE 23
PARTS AND PERFORMANCE KITS 24
OWNER’S HANDBOOKS, PARTS REFERENCES, AND SERVICE MANUALS 25
ALL THAT STUFF THAT COMES BEFORE THE FIRST CHAPTER
Listening to Car Talk on (US) National Public Radio, I heard a statement of profound truth. One of the brothers (Tom & Ray Maliozzi) hosting the show told a listener that her local mechanic probably learned to fix cars the old-fashioned way: by making mistakes on other people’s cars. This is probably even more prevalent in motorcycle repair, especially with Moto Guzzis, since I’ve only recently known of national service training seminars for dealers’ mechanics here in the US. Add to that the sometimes — shall we say — inspecificity of the factory manuals and it became obvious to me that there was a place for my compilation of experiences (mistakes).
This is not a repair manual in the usual sense. That need has already been attended to by the factory and others. Instead, this manual is intended to supplement repair manuals and parts references. To that goal I have provided expanded explanations, corrections, new ideas, opinions, easier methods, and updates. I’ve also tried to alert you to likely problems where repair manuals tend to list all operations without weighing them as to frequency. As well as helping owners, my hope is that this book will benefit new Guzzi dealers (and old ones) and new dealer personnel.
Besides the gaps in the service manuals, the Guzzi parts references are also incomplete to varying degrees. Much necessary information regarding correct part numbers has been lost over the years so I’ve also included as much of it as I know. I have not, however, included references to square-fin and small-twin police models, as their variations are too many, too frequently revised, and I’ve never seen the bikes over here. I have listed many of the accessory items now being distributed in the US by our importer, Moto Guzzi North America. Obviously for European owners, far more accessories are available from more logical sources than Moto America.
I have long been a self-appointed cheerleader for Moto Guzzi, missing no opportunity to point out the obvious and unrealized advantages of owning one. Yet another reason for compiling this book has been to offer what hopefully will be one more plus to owning a Moto Guzzi. I don’t know of any other motorcycle brand for which this scale of reference material exists in one volume. And that segues to another reason for writing this book: so that I could compile all the information I need in a way I can easily use. Yes, I do have a well-worn copy of this book at work and frequently use it. You don’t think I remember all this stuff, do you?
It has not been my goal to produce yet another thin, slick book that’s longer on sales appeal than in-depth content. I don’t believe that we need another book to describe the many advantages of a V50 II over a V50. There are already plenty of books like that type, designed for an evening’s entertainment. This is a reference book — intended to help you make your Moto Guzzi into what you want it to be and keep it that way.
Mind you, I don’t profess to be the authority on Guzzis. I’m just a guy who bothered to put what I believe to know in a book. I have no formal training as a mechanic. My college degree is in, of all things, human services.
So what are my qualifications? As a kid I rode dirt bikes, the last before my “age of the first driver’s license” was a Ducati RT 450. That lead to a Ducati V-twin street bike which lead to a few years as a very inept road racer. My racing days ended when I realized that I had never crashed on the street (and still haven’t, knock on wood!) but usually hit the pavement about every other weekend racing. My Ducati days ended in 1985 when I concluded that Cagiva was never going to support my 900 Desmo with a sufficient parts supply. At the time, a Guzzi was “that other Italian bike” that was usually sold at the same shops as Ducatis, due to the fact that from the mid ’60s through 1982 the two brands were imported to the US through the same firm.
From ’85 through the present I have owned a Guzzi and have earned my living working at a Moto Guzzi dealership almost continually since 1983, most of that time until recently as a mechanic. Probably my best qualifications become evident when I tell you how many of various parts my old Convert has worn (not worn out). It has had 3 sets of cylinder heads, 4 sets of cylinders, 5 sets of pistons, 3 crankshafts, 3 crankcases, 3 camshafts, 2 sumps, 4 sets of connecting rods, 2 flywheels, 3 engine breathers, 5 sets of carburetors, 2 front wheels, 4 rear wheels, 4 swingarms, 3 sets of brake calipers, 2 sets of brake rotors, 4 alternators, 3 center stands, 4 sets of rear shocks, 3 sets of fork dampers, 3 sets of fork sliders, 2 sets of fork tubes, 3 front fenders, 3 clutch levers, 3 foot master cylinders, 5 hand master cylinders, 3 sets of footrests, 4 left handlebar switch modules, 2 throttles, 2 headlights, 2 instrument panels, 3 seats, 2 gas tanks, 6 handlebars, 3 air filter arrangements, 2 tail lights, 2 sets of luggage, 3 sets of luggage mounting brackets, 4 exhaust crossovers, 2 sets of mufflers, and somehow, only 2 speedometer cables. Now this (I hope) says a lot about me and about my beliefs. First off, I believe that you learn a lot by trying things. Secondly, most of the parts on my bike are standard Guzzi—they just come from a whole lot of different models and reflect my ever growing respect for ricambi originale.
Kevin Cameron once wrote in the now defunct Cycle Magazine about aspects of “super-good ride feel.” This somewhat clumsy term fairly accurately describes my last aim in producing this volume: to help you make your Moto Guzzi the best it can be and the best suited to you.
In describing this book to others, I have often heard it said that what I have done is create yet another Moto Guzzi tips book, similar to those offered through the US Moto Guzzi National Owner’s Club. In a sense that’s true, but the differences are many. For instance, my realm of experience includes exposure to many examples of each model, so I have more opportunity to know if a particular problem is unique or common. Also, I have far more factory documents at hand for information and comparisons. On the down side, I wrote this entire book myself so the perspective is narrow. The MGNOC Tips Books are the compilations of hundreds of people writing down their ideas about just their bike(s). I think both approaches are very useful.
As this manual is intended for my fellow members of this litigious society, I need to make a statement of disclaimer, as if it will do me any good in the worst eventuality. This manual exists as a compilation of my knowledge and experience as a Moto Guzzi mechanic and owner. Any and all information in this manual is only to be used by others at their own risk. Any suggestions that would modify the engine, exhaust, or intake systems of US or other emission-controlled models are intended for off-road or racing purposes only. Street applications of these modifications are illegal, and should not be construed as their implied intent.
As this manual was produced in the United States from experience with US-model V-twin motorcycles legally imported here since 1967, some suggestions may not be applicable to other models and variants of Moto Guzzis. Since there has been some interest in this book outside the US (thank you very much!), I have been adding more and more references to non-US models.
A word on conventions: so as to ease the flow of the book, I have used several terms, borrowed or made up, to classify various models and relationships. They are:
Left/Right As perceived by a normally seated rider
Inside Closer to the fore/aft centerline of the frame
Outside Farther from the fore/aft longitudinal centerline of the frame
Front/Forward Situated closer to the most forward point on the motorcycle
Back/Rearward Situated closer to the most rearward point on the motorcycle
Big Twin Any model displacing 703 (700), 749 or 757 (750), 844 (850), 949 (1000) or 1064 cc (1100), not including the high-cam 992 (1000 cc)
Small Twin Any model displacing 346 (350), 389 (400), 490 (500), 643 (650), or 744 cc (750) — Ippogrifo not included until we know more about it
Round Fin Any big-twin model with oval-shaped cylinder and head finning (all pre-1985 except the California II, T5, and LeMans III)
Square Fin Any two-valve big-twin model that has cylinder and head finning with angled corners (all 1983–on big twins except the 1000 SP)
Civilian Models with footpegs and standard (medium height) handlebars
Police Variant of civilian model sold to the public with footboards and high handlebars — sometimes referred to as a “California”
Loop Frame Any model with a generator
Tonti Frame Any big-twin with an alternator except those with the spine frame or dual-sport frame. The term pays tribute to Lino Tonti, who first designed this straight-tube masterpiece with removable lower rails for the V7 Sport. It’s been the pattern for all subsequent big-twin frames through the California EV?Jackal/Bassa except spine frame and dual- sport models.
Spine Frame As used on the Daytonas, Sport 1100s, Centauros, & V11 Sports
Dual-sport Frame As used on the Quota models
Exposed Driveshaft As used on the Daytonas, Sport 1100s, Centauros, & V11 Sports
Enclosed Driveshaft All models except the Daytonas, Sport 1100s, Centauros, & V11 Sports
Small Valve Any big twin with standard 41-mm intake and 37-mm exhaust valves. These engines have 29- or 30-mm carbs or rarely fuel injection.
Medium Valve Any big twin with standard 44-mm intake and 37-mm exhaust valves with either 36-mm carbs or fuel injection. Does not include the uniquely configured Sport 1100s and V11 Sports.
Big Valve Any big twin with standard 40-mm carbs, 47-mm intake & 40-mm exhaust valves — doesn’t include the Sport 1100s & V11 Sports.
High Cam Any 992 cc big twin with a belt-driven camshaft in each cylinder head.
1000 Any 949 cc engine with two valves per cylinder. High-cam models are excluded because they have so many unique details, to have included them would have filled the book with lists of exclusions.
1000 SP NT Late version of the 1000 SP having nearly flat (non-upswept) mufflers and non-folding footpegs
1000 SP Refers both to the early and NT versions unless otherwise specified
V50 Refers both to the V50 and V50 II unless otherwise specified
LeMans II Refers only to this specific model and not also to the US variant, the CX 100, unless otherwise specified
LeMans Refers only to the LeMans I, II, III, IV, and V and not also to the CX 100 unless specifically included (which doesn’t mean that I don’t think of the CX 100 as a true LeMans)
California II Refers to just the five-speed version and not also to the California II Automatic unless specifically included or written as plural
California III Refers only to carbureted version and not also to the California III i.e. unless specifically included or written as plural
FD or Dresser Refers to the fully-outfitted version of the California III, with a frame- mounted touring fairing, saddlebags, and a trunk
Cruiser Common version of the Cal III without Dresser appointments, may or may not have a windshield and may or may not have saddlebags, but will have standard (not [low] Classic or [big] Dresser) handlebars
Classic Low-bar Cal III, always without accessories (windshield & bags)
California 1100 Refers only to carbureted version and not also to the California 1100i unless specifically included or written as plural. Chassis details also apply to the California 1000 (not the same as the California III)
V40 Capri Rare model hardly covered here, mainly because I lack references for it— can be considered the same in most respects as the V35 Imola II.
Sport 1100 Refers only to carbureted version and not also to the Sport 1100i unless specifically included or written as plural
Sport 1100s Refers only to the Sport 1100 and the Sport 1100i and not also to the V11 Sport
Daytona Refers only to original version and not also to the Daytona Racing and/or RS unless specifically included or written as plural
T5 Refers only to early series I, II, & III and not also to the ’94-on version
Euro or world Standard version (as opposed to a country-specific variant) of a model
US Variant of the Euro version for the US market
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency — refers to modifications for compliance with US emissions standards.
N/A Not available or not applicable
N/L Not listed — in other words it never has been available
NAS Not available separately — can only be had as part of an assembly
NLA No longer available
i.e. or i Model suffix for the fuel-injected variant of a carbureted model
MGNOC Moto Guzzi National Owner’s Club (US)
Moto America US Moto Guzzi importer (now officially Moto Guzzi North America)
EV Refers to both the California EV and ’98—’99 US-only V11 EV
V11 EV Refers to just the ’98—’99 US-only variant
Bassa Refers to both the California Special and ’99—’00 US-only V11 Bassa
Jackal Refers to both the California Jackal and 2000 US-only V11 Jackal
Nikasil/Nigusil Used interchangeably, the former refers to the modern cylinder plating developed by Mahle and used by BMW, Ducati, and several others. The latter is Guzzi’s own version.
A big problem for me in writing this book has been organization. I know my style and I know the material I’m covering — this isn’t a gripping novel destined to hold readers spellbound cover to cover. Since most readers will only be looking for small, specific pieces of information at any one time, the difficulty for me has been in making the information accessible.
That’s why all chapters begin on a right-hand page so that they’re easier to find when thumbing though the book. Within the chapters, the headings and subheadings each have their own style so you can tell which topics relate to which previous ones. What follows is what they each look like.
chapter title
Main heading within a chapter
First degree sub-heading
Second degree sub-heading
Third degree sub-heading
Fourth degree sub-heading
The master table of contents (which precedes this chapter) merely lists the number of each chapter. There is also a highly-detailed and very extensive table of contents at the beginning of each chapter. In each chapter’s table of contents, the main headings alone are in bold type with each degree of sub-heading further indented from the left margin. The pages of each chapter are numbered with the chapter number followed by a hyphen, then the page number of that chapter. For example, pages in the Brakes chapter are numbered 19-1, 19-2, 19-3, and so forth. I wanted to include continuous page numbering but the size of this work apparently exceeds some sort of structural limit in my word processing software (no matter what Microsoft said in their manual for it). What you see is the best method I could devise and, I believe that once you get used to it, actually makes it easier to navigate the book. Better yet, this setup made it possible for me to make immediate updates, requiring at most the reprinting of a single chapter.
While many sections only have meaning when a need occurs, some, I believe, contain important information for you to consider immediately. To alert you of the latter, those headings are double underlined, as are their corresponding listings in their chapter’s table of contents. This important information applies whether you have just purchased a used bike, a new one, or the same familiar mount has graced your garage for a long time.
Side column headings are used to signify when a section is only applicable to certain models or variations. Some abbreviations within the side headings aren’t specific enough, such as “Late Eldorado” or “All.” My intention is simply to draw your attention to everything that may be useful to you. Just remember that that section may only apply to a variant of your model other than your own. This same rule applies to applications listed in tables. Otherwise, some tables and side headings would have been longer than their accompanying text! The same side-heading applications are in force until a new side heading appears, even if it’s several sections later.
Of greatest importance is to tell you how I envisioned this book to be used. I tried to organize the material in such a way so that when you are about to work on something or order parts, you can first look in the appropriate section to see if this book offers anything applicable. This can be a tedious way of going about things but it’s really the only way that works.
Often I will cite Moto Guzzi part numbers for convenience. Usually they appear in parenthesis without further explanation as two groups of four digits separated by a single space (Moto Guzzi lists them as 8 digits in a row but I find that style more difficult to read, say, and remember). Some part numbers will appear in strike-through (1208 7000), meaning they are no longer available. This notation shouldn’t be trusted completely as parts suddenly become unavailable and some unavailables return. More so, what is currently unavailable in the US may be available from European sources. Stranger yet, we sometimes have the last of something over here that’s long been unavailable in Europe.
I’ve also included many references to aftermarket parts and accessories available through Moto America. I rarely included similar references to parts from other sources as they may not all be easily available to everyone and, quite frankly, I certainly don’t know everything offered by everyone. When a part number reference is to a Moto America offering it will appear something like “(MA 9999 2800)”. I realize of course that many more accessories and aftermarket parts are available in Europe. Until Moto America began importing accessories in the early ’90s, few items other than factory Guzzi parts were easily available to North Americans. It’s still spotty but generally getting better.
To European Guzzisti, please excuse our American excitement regarding the availability of items you may think of as common. I know that many of the same items we finally enjoy have long been available to you from a variety of sources. So that you do have at least one source for reference, I’ve included many part numbers from Teo Lamers Motorrijwielen in Nijmegen, Holland, as they sell both retail and wholesale throughout Europe and are conversant in most Western European languages (and they’re great people as well!). When a part number reference is to a Teo Lamers offering it will appear something like “(TL 2803 6060 5150)”.
Rarely will I refer to the US price of an item, and then usually only in general terms. Obviously, prices change and I don’t want to make your local dealer look bad because the dealer’s price is more than my possibly dated appraisal.
Some explanations are enhanced by information in additional sections. In many cases I have abbreviated references to the name of the chapter and the heading enclosed in brackets, such as {Ignition Systems: Spark plug wire}. If the reference is in the same chapter I just name the appropriate section {Spark plug wire}. If there are two references in the same chapter I separate them with an italic “and” such as {Integrated brakes on big twins and Reverting to conventional (non-integrated) brakes}. Some sections have relevance to several chapters. If it’s a small point, I’ve often repeated the information each time it’s applicable. In others I have placed the section in the Basics chapter (my miscellaneous chapter, somewhat like that drawer full of odds and ends in the kitchen) with appropriate references.
Factory updates are often cited by the frame number at which they first apply. Older models are usually five-digit numbers. US-spec bikes have an aluminum plate that after about 1978 contains the US-mandated 17-digit number. The original factory five-digit number is usually stamped into the steering head — hopefully not under the foil tag. I believe that the 17-digit format became a world standard some time in the 1990s.
I found in writing this manual that I had to assume a level of mechanical knowledge, ability, and aptitude in the reader. Otherwise, I would have had to start by describing which end of the screwdriver to hold. My assumptions are that you can find your way around a motorcycle and a toolbox and that what you seek here is specific information about Moto Guzzis. I’m sure you will be frustrated at times that some points aren’t described in sufficient detail. Some may be oversights and some may be because I don’t know either. I truly hope that these points of frustration are few.
I’ve noticed among my motorcycle friends that we have developed our own set of unrecorded rules regarding where to use American measurements and where to use metric. We tend to use metric for linear measurement except for exacting measurements such as bearings and journals and inches again for larger measurements over a few centimeters. I have no justification for this but I did want you to know that this practice spilled over into this book.
Sometimes you will notice that I refer to “parts references” when you might expect “parts book”. My intention is to let you know that in these instances, both a book and a microfiche may exist.
Looking back, I see that there is much less information in this book specific to small twins than for the big bikes. There is nothing intentional in this as I really like the small bikes. As stated before, this book is merely a compilation of what I think I know about Guzzis. As an excuse I offer that there are fewer small twins on this continent, they tend to have less mileage, they are less often modified, and there is less parts swapping done or possible. All of these reasons have contributed to the disparity of information quantity. Starting with version 2.0 of this book, I have added a huge number of new references to non-US small twins although I still lack hands-on experience with these bikes.
Like Bill James’s famous baseball books, Guzziology is an outsider’s book. That is, it consists of information gathered from the outside: personal experiences, the experiences of mechanics, customers and other owners, and the perusal of the factory-published service manuals and supplements, parts references, and service bulletins. As such, some explanations and conclusions are suppositions and extrapolations while others are based on actual experience. I hope that in each case it is clear to you when I’m sharing experiences and when I’m being theoretical (guessing).
Regarding perspective: I tried to vary the writing voice between “This is what I do,” “You should do this,” and “The next step is...” in an attempt to make reading large sections less tedious.
I had a lot of input from printers and publishers regarding format, which may lead you to wonder why this book looks the way it does. My goal has always been to include everything I know rather than leaving out information simply because it’s rarely used. To do otherwise would have diminished the purpose and utility of this book. I wanted to pack as much as possible into a useful format while keeping the price reasonable. This book could possibly have been a slick, “professional” publication, but would have cost more, had half the content, and probably have been bound in such a way that it couldn’t be laid flat on a workbench. I’m very proud of the way my book turned out and I hope very much that it serves you well and exceeds your expectations. I also wanted you to know that it is hand made — as it obviously appears.
The one detail of my book that I am truly apologetic about is the quality of some of the drawings. Obviously, scanning and photocopying poor drawings could only result in blurry resolution.
I have often referred to the shop I work at: Moto International. I didn’t intend this book as an advertisement (I started the book long before the shop existed) but I did want to make sure that you had at least one source for unusual offerings. I’ve tried to limit the commercial impact by referring to Moto Int. as “our shop” or “we” or other similar terms. Special parts are prefixed as “MI.”
As with anything that is believed to be known, my beliefs as recorded in this book are always changing. New information can either add a new subject to this book or confirm, improve, or replace previous beliefs. For these reasons, this book has a specific version listed on page four. Recently I’ve added the date the current version was first offered, as some have mistakenly believed that no version is more recent than the last copyright date. Because this book is produced in small batches (10 to 30 at a time) the version number is always progressing as (I hope) is the book’s content, in a way no hard-cover book can match. The downside of all these revisions is that I’m sure the continuity has been reduced and some references no longer agree. Sorry about that. I fix problems when I find them or when someone kindly points them out to me.
Already in this introduction I have “borrowed” ideas from a radio show about cars, a motorcycle magazine article, and a series of baseball books. Keeping with that plagiaristic theme, here is my version of Robert Fulghum’s now-immortal Credo from his book, All I Really Need To Know I Learned In Kindergarten. I’ve seen it recycled in various forms, usually giving credit to various pets as the altars of wisdom. As for me, I’ll claim that rather than stealing the idea, I simply share the same inspiration, having grown up just down the street from Fulghum’s church. No doubt there was something special in the air (besides the stench of the peat bog) around Chase Lake in Edmonds, Washington, USA. If nothing else, I learned a lot about bikes there, playing motorcycle tag (CRASH! You’re it!) in the surrounding woods. Anyway, here is my rendition which, if you’re not into warm and fuzzy lists, can also be thought of as the Moto Guzzi version of Alcoholic’s Anonymous’s 12-step program, appropriately containing thirteen promulgations.
Credo for Moto Guzzi Owners and Mechanics
Stock parts are always best — except occasionally when they’re not
Always fix the problem as well as the symptom
The only way to really find out if something is better is to try it yourself
Just because something makes sense doesn’t mean it’s right
Changes are as likely to be tradeoffs as improvements
Nothing is believable until you’ve made the same mistake yourself
Even if you cut it twice it will still be too short
Don’t fix it if it ain’t broke — unless you know it’s going to break anyway
A big problem is easier to find than a small one
No easier or cheaper approach is ever the best way
Wrenches are brain tools, not hand tools
Rarely does anything work out the way you want if left to chance
Maintenance is almost always easier than repairs — and costs less too
And for your friends and motorcycling acquaintances along the way who wonder why you don’t ride a motorcycle with a name beginning with an “H”, just remind them that the best is rarely the most popular.
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